Melanoma, as a
tumor cell derived from melanocyte transformation, has the characteristics of malignant proliferation, high
metastasis, rapid recurrence, and a low survival rate. Traditional
therapy has many shortcomings, including
drug side effects and poor patient compliance, and so on. Therefore, the development of an effective treatment is necessary. Currently, nanotechnologies are a promising oncology treatment strategy because of their ability to effectively deliver drugs and other bioactive molecules to targeted tissues with low toxicity, thereby improving the clinical efficacy of
cancer therapy. In this review, the application of nanotechnology in the treatment of
melanoma is reviewed and discussed. First, the pathogenesis and molecular targets of
melanoma are elucidated, and the current clinical treatment strategies and deficiencies of
melanoma are then introduced. Following this, we discuss the main features of developing efficient nanosystems and introduce the latest reports in the literature on nanoparticles for the treatment of
melanoma. Subsequently, we review and discuss the application of nanoparticles in chemotherapeutic agents,
immunotherapy,
mRNA vaccines, and
photothermal therapy, as well as the potential of nanotechnology in the early diagnosis of
melanoma.