Cervical insufficiency generally refers to a condition in which there is mid-trimester cervical dilatation or protruding chorioamniotic membranes in the absence of uterine contractions. Such condition is a risk factor for spontaneous mid-trimester abortion or early
preterm birth, and is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Both intra-amniotic
infection and
inflammation ascertained by amniocentesis have been identified in patients with cervical insufficiency, and are poor prognostic factors. A subset of patients with intra-amniotic
inflammation will have no demonstrable microorganisms detected via cultivation or molecular methods, and therefore represent cases of sterile intra-amniotic
inflammation. Amniotic fluid sludge (free-floating hyperechogenic material within the amniotic fluid in close proximity to the uterine cervix) identified on sonography is a
biomarker for intra-amniotic
infection and
inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that intra-amniotic
infection, as well as sterile intra-amniotic
inflammation can be treated successfully using
antimicrobial agents. We report a unique case in which administration of
antibiotics in the presence of mid-trimester cervical insufficiency, sterile intra-amniotic
inflammation, and amniotic fluid sludge was associated with resolution of the cervical findings, as demonstrated on both sonographic and
speculum examination. The patient successfully underwent elective cesarean delivery at 36-2/7 weeks of gestation. This case illustrates that
antibiotic therapy may be effective despite the presence of several high-risk pregnancy conditions, and that successful outcome is possible.