IntroductionHepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common
cancers worldwide. Medemia
argun (MA) fruits have been found to possess
proanthocyanidins (PACs), having
antioxidant activity. Methods: Intraperitoneal (IP) diethyl
nitrosamine (DENA; 200 mg/kg, once) and
carbon tetra
chloride (CCl4, 3 ml/kg/week, subcutaneously, for 6 weeks) induced HCC in rats. Animals groups: Group I; received vehicle (control). Group II; received MA seed extract, 100 mg/kg (twice/week) for 12 weeks, IP. Group III; received carcinogenic agents only. Group IV; received MA for two weeks before administration of DENA/CCl4 till the end of the experiment. The total period of the experiment was three months. Results: DENA and CCl4 induced HCC, elevated serum
alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), liver size, weight, tissue lymphocytic infiltration, nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio,
collagen fiber and
polysaccharide deposition, cellular proliferation, excessive pro-apoptotic
caspase-3 accumulation, disrupted apoptosis. MA prior to DENA/CCl4, significantly protected liver against
cancer progression, indicated by serum
enzymes,
antioxidant markers(
glutathione,
nitric oxide, and depressed
malondialdehyde contents) in the MA-pretreated group, compared to the HCC one, without apparent useful action on
superoxide dismutase activity, enhanced apoptosis in liver, through increased casapase-3 expression. The HCC group showed decreased
antioxidant defense and BAX/Bcl-2 ratio. Conclusions: This study assumes that MA has a chemo-preventive effect against hepatocarcinogenesis.