Horticultural therapy is increasingly being used in the non-pharmacological treatment of patients with
schizophrenia, with previous studies demonstrating its
therapeutic effects. The healing outcomes are positively correlated with the settings of the intervention. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of
horticultural therapy on the symptoms, rehabilitation outcomes, quality of life, and social functioning in people with
schizophrenia, and the different effectiveness in hospital and non-hospital environments. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (
PRISMA) guidelines. We researched studies through PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies about
horticultural therapy for people with
schizophrenia, from January 2000 to December 2020, with a total of 23 studies involving 2024 people with
schizophrenia included in this systematic review. This study provided evidence supporting the positive effect of
horticultural therapy. This review demonstrated that non-hospital environments have a better
therapeutic effect on all indicators than hospital environments. The results also demonstrated the effectiveness of
horticultural therapy on symptoms, rehabilitation outcomes, quality of life, and social functioning in patients in hospital and non-hospital environments, providing further evidence-based support for landscape design.