Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is arguably the most common benign disease among men. This disease is often associated with
lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men and significantly decreases the quality of life.
Polyphenol consumption reportedly plays an important role in the prevention of many diseases, including BPH. In recent years, in addition to disease prevention, many studies have reported the efficacy and safety of
polyphenol treatment against various pathological conditions in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, numerous studies have also revealed the molecular mechanisms of the
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of
polyphenols. We believe that an improved understanding of the detailed pharmacological roles of
polyphenol-induced activities at a molecular level is important for the prevention and treatment of BPH.
Polyphenols are composed of many members, and their biological roles differ. In this review, we first provide information regarding the pathological roles of oxidative stress and
inflammation in BPH. Next, the
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of
polyphenols, including those of
flavonoids and non-
flavonoids, are discussed. Finally, we talk about the results and limitations of previous clinical trials that have used
polyphenols in BPH, with particular focus on their molecular mechanisms of action.