Western and heart healthy dietary patterns differentially affect the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, interferon signaling and inflammation in the jejunum of Ossabaw pigs.

Abstract

Diet quality and statin therapy are established modulators of coronary artery disease (CAD) progression, but their effect on the gastrointestinal tract and subsequent sequelae that could affect CAD progression are relatively unexplored. To address this gap, Ossabaw pigs (N = 32) were randomly assigned to receive isocaloric amounts of a Western-type diet (WD; high in saturated fat, refined carbohydrate, and cholesterol, and low in fiber) or a heart healthy-type diet (HHD; high in unsaturated fat, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, supplemented with fish oil, and low in cholesterol), with or without atorvastatin, for 6 months. At the end of the study, RNA sequencing with 100 base pair single end reads on NextSeq 500 platform was conducted in isolated pig jejunal mucosa. A two-factor edgeR analysis revealed that the dietary patterns resulted in three differentially expressed genes related to lipid metabolism (SCD, FADS1, and SQLE). The expression of these genes was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and atherosclerotic lesion severity. Subsequent gene enrichment analysis indicated the WD, compared to the HHD, resulted in higher interferon signaling and inflammation, with some of these genes being significantly associated with serum TNF-α and/or hsCRP concentrations, but not atherosclerotic lesion severity. No significant effect of atorvastatin therapy on gene expression, nor its interaction with dietary patterns, was identified. In conclusion, Western and heart healthy-type dietary patterns differentially affect the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, interferon signaling, and inflammation in the jejunum of Ossabaw pigs.

• Authors: Shumao Ye, Nirupa R Matthan, Stefania Lamon-Fava, Gloria Solano Aguilar, Jerrold R Turner, Maura E Walker, Zhi Chai, Sukla Lakshman, Joseph F Urban Jr, Alice H Lichtenstein
• Journal: The Journal of nutritional biochemistry (J Nutr Biochem) Vol. 90 Pg. 108577 (04 2021) ISSN: 1873-4847 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 33388349 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase
• Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
• Interferons
• Atorvastatin
• FADS1 protein, human

Topics

• Animals
• Atherosclerosis (genetics, metabolism)
• Atorvastatin (pharmacology)
• Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
• Coronary Artery Disease (genetics, metabolism, pathology, therapy)
• Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase
• Diet, Healthy (methods)
• Diet, Western
• Feeding Behavior
• Female
• Gene Expression
• Heart
• Humans
• Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (pharmacology)
• Inflammation (genetics, metabolism)
• Interferons (genetics, metabolism)
• Intestinal Mucosa (metabolism)
• Jejunum (metabolism)
• Lipid Metabolism (genetics)
• Male
• Swine
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (genetics, metabolism)