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Beyond the Mind-Serum Trace Element Levels in Schizophrenic Patients: A Systematic Review.

Abstract
The alterations in serum trace element levels are common phenomena observed in patients with different psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, or major depressive disorder. The fluctuations in the trace element concentrations might act as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of many psychiatric and neurological disorders. This paper aimed to assess the alterations in serum trace element concentrations in patients with a diagnosed schizophrenia. The authors made a systematic review, extracting papers from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Among 5009 articles identified through database searching, 59 of them were assessed for eligibility. Ultimately, 33 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. This review includes the analysis of serum levels of the following trace elements: iron, nickel, molybdenum, phosphorus, lead, chromium, antimony, uranium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, copper, selenium, calcium, and manganese. Currently, there is no consistency regarding serum trace element levels in schizophrenic patients. Thus, it cannot be considered as a reliable prognostic or diagnostic marker of schizophrenia. However, it can be assumed that altered concentrations of those elements are crucial regarding the onset and exaggeration of either psychotic or negative symptoms or cognitive dysfunctions.
AuthorsJacek Baj, Alicja Forma, Elżbieta Sitarz, Kaja Karakuła, Wojciech Flieger, Monika Sitarz, Cezary Grochowski, Ryszard Maciejewski, Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz
JournalInternational journal of molecular sciences (Int J Mol Sci) Vol. 21 Issue 24 (Dec 15 2020) ISSN: 1422-0067 [Electronic] Switzerland
PMID33334078 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review)
Chemical References
  • Biomarkers
  • Trace Elements
Topics
  • Biomarkers (blood)
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Maternal Exposure (adverse effects)
  • Pregnancy
  • Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
  • Schizophrenia (blood, etiology)
  • Schizophrenic Psychology
  • Trace Elements (blood)

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