Non-
alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease that is growing in prevalence. Symptoms of NASH become apparent when the disease has progressed significantly. Thus, there is a need to identify
biomarkers of NASH in order to detect the disease earlier and to monitor disease severity. The
inflammasome has been shown to play a role in
liver diseases. Here, we performed a proof of concept study of
biomarker analyses (cut-off points, positive and negative predictive values, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and likelihood ratios) on the serum of patients with NASH and healthy controls on apoptosis-associated speck-like
protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC),
interleukin (IL)-18,
Galectin-3 (Gal-3), and
C-reactive protein (CRP). ASC,
IL-18, and Gal-3 were elevated in the serum of NASH patients when compared to controls. The area under the curve (AUC) for ASC was the highest (0.7317) with an accuracy of 68%, followed by
IL-18 (0.7036) with an accuracy of 66% and Gal-3 (0.6891) with an accuracy of 61%. Moreover, we then fit a stepwise multivariate logistic regression model using ASC,
IL-18, and Gal-3 to determine the probability of patients having a NASH diagnosis, which resulted in an AUC of 0.71 and an accuracy of 79%, indicating that combining these
biomarkers increases their diagnostic potential for NASH. These results indicate that ASC,
IL-18, and Gal-3 are reliable
biomarkers of NASH and that combining these analytes increases the
biomarker potential of these
proteins.