Association of long-term inhalation of caffeine-sodium benzoate with coronary heart disease in men.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

A possible correlation between caffeine and coronary heart disease (CHD) is controversial. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of long-term inhalation of caffeine-sodium benzoate (CSB) on the development of CHD in men, the severity of coronary artery lesions and the possible contributing effects of smoking.

MATERIALS:

A retrospective analysis was performed on 2,001 consecutive men who underwent selective coronary angiography. These men were assigned to a CSB inhalation group (CSB; 1 - 6 times/d, 274 - 1,644 mg/d, > 10 years; n = 326) or a non-inhalation group (non-CSB; n = 1,675).

METHODS:

The two groups were compared for the prevalence, onset age, and risk factors of CHD. The men were also stratified as CSB-only, smoking-only, combined CSB+ smoking, and the control (non-CSB+non-smoking). The prevalence, onset age, risk factors of CHD, and severity of coronary artery lesions and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were compared among these groups.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of CHD in the CSB group was higher compared with the non-CSB group (91.72 vs. 86.09%, p < 0.01). In the CSB+smoking group, the percentages of men with CHD (93.11%) or > 70% stenosis of the coronary artery lesion (64.92%) were significantly higher than that of the smoking-only group (88.19 and 54.29%, respectively) or control (83.20 and 52.90%), while the percentage with stenosis involving the anterior descending branch was lower (62.30 vs. 72.29% and 74.17%, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION:

Men who inhaled CSB long-term had a higher rate of CHD compared with those who did not take CSB. The combination of CSB inhalation and smoking appears to increase synergistically the risk and severity of CHD.

• Authors: San-Cong Pan, Hua-Hua Cui, Gang-Gang Si, Chun-Guang Qiu, Zhong-Sheng Qin
• Journal: International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther) Vol. 59 Issue 3 Pg. 247-253 (Mar 2021) ISSN: 0946-1965 [Print] Germany
• PMID: 33191907 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Caffeine
• Sodium Benzoate

Topics

• Caffeine (adverse effects)
• Coronary Disease (chemically induced, diagnosis, epidemiology)
• Humans
• Male
• Retrospective Studies
• Risk Factors
• Smoking (adverse effects)
• Sodium Benzoate