A new index for distinguishing hypereosinophilic syndrome and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-negative eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

It is difficult to differentiate between hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-negative eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA).

OBJECTIVE:

We compared laboratory data at diagnosis between Korean patients with HES and ANCA-negative EGPA and investigated independent laboratory predictors suggesting HES.

METHODS:

We reviewed the medical records of 41 HES patients and 16 ANCA-negative EGPA patients. The cut-offs were extrapolated by the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. The odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were assessed using the multivariable logistic regression analysis and the chi-square test, respectively. We developed a new equation by assigning a weight to each variable according to the slopes (B) and expressed a decimal as the nearest integer.

RESULTS:

HES patients had a higher median WBC and eosinophil counts than ANCA-negative EGPA patients. The cutoffs of WBC and eosinophil counts for HES were set at 9,900.0/mm3 and 2,400.0/mm3. In the multivariable analysis, WBC count ≥ 9,900.0/mm3 (B 1.763) and eosinophil count ≥ 2,400.0/mm3 (B 1.515) were significantly associated with HES. An equation was as follows: HES-suggesting laboratory index (HSLI) = 2 × (WBC count ≥ 9,900.0/mm3 (1 = No or 2 = Yes)) + 1.5 × (eosinophil count ≥ 2,400.0/mm3 (1 = No or 2 = Yes)). The cut-off of HSLI for HES was 4.25. Patients with HSLI ≥ 4.25 exhibited a significantly high RR (51.429) for HES, compared to those without.

CONCLUSIONS:

In conclusion, the cut-off of HSLI derived from WBC and eosinophil counts could be an independent predictor of HES in patients suspected of both HES and ANCA-negative EGPA.

• Authors: Sung Soo Ahn, Juyoung Yoo, Yong-Beom Park, Jung-Won Park, Jae-Hyun Lee, Sang-Won Lee
• Journal: Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology (Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol) Vol. 41 Issue 3 Pg. 244-252 (Sep 2023) ISSN: 0125-877X [Print] Thailand
• PMID: 33068368 (Publication Type: Review, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic

Topics

• Humans
• Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic
• Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (diagnosis)
• Churg-Strauss Syndrome (diagnosis)
• Eosinophils
• Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (diagnosis)