It has recently emerged that
myokines may be an important skeletal muscle adaptive response to obesogenic diets in sedentary subjects (who do not exercise). This study aimed to assess the influence of various high fat (HF) diets rich in either crude
palm oil (cPO), refined
palm oil (rPO),
olive oil (OO) or
lard on the modulation of
myokine gene expression in the gastrocnemius. Five groups of 8 rats were each fed HF or control diet for 12 weeks. Systemic parameters concerning
glucose,
insulin,
inflammation,
cholesterol,
triglycerides (TG) and
transaminases were assessed by routine methods or ELISA. Akt and ACC phosphorylation were analyzed by WB in the soleus. Mitochondrial density,
inflammation, and the gene expression of 17
myokines and the
apelin receptor (Apj) were assessed by qPCR in the gastrocnemius. We found that HF diet-fed rats were
insulin resistant and Akt phosphorylation decreased in the soleus muscle, but without any change in Glut4 gene expression. Systemic (IL-6) and muscle
inflammation (NFκB and IκB) were not affected by the HF diets as well as
TBARS, and ASAT level was enhanced with OO diet. Soleus pACC phosphorylation and gastrocnemius mitochondrial density were not significantly altered. The gene expression of some
myokines was respectively increased (
myostatin and Il-15) and decreased (Fndc5 and
apelin) with the HF diets, whatever the type of fat used. The gene expression of two
myokines with anti-inflammatory properties,
Il-10 and myonectin, was dependent on the type of fat used and was most increased respectively with cPO or both rPO and OO diets. In conclusion, high-fat diets can differentially modulate the expression of some
myokines, either in a dependent manner or independently of their composition.