Immunotherapy during the acute SHIV infection of macaques confers long-term suppression of viremia.

Abstract

We report that combination bNAb immunotherapy initiated on day 3 post-infection (PI) maintained durable CD8+ T cell-mediated suppression of SHIVAD8 viremia and preinoculation levels of CD4+ T cells in 9 of 13 treated monkeys during nearly 6 yr of observation, as assessed by successive CD8+ T cell-depletion experiments. In an extension of that study, two treatment interventions (bNAbs alone or cART plus bNAbs) beginning on week 2 PI were conducted and conferred controller status to 7 of 12 monkeys that was also dependent on control mediated by CD8+ cells. However, the median time to suppression of plasma viremia following intervention on week 2 was markedly delayed (85 wk) compared with combination bNAb immunotherapy initiated on day 3 (39 wk). In both cases, the principal correlate of virus control was the induction of CD8+ T cellular immunity.

• Authors: Yoshiaki Nishimura, Olivia K Donau, Joana Dias, Sara Ferrando-Martinez, Eric Jesteadt, Reza Sadjadpour, Rajeev Gautam, Alicia Buckler-White, Romas Geleziunas, Richard A Koup, Michel C Nussenzweig, Malcolm A Martin
• Journal: The Journal of experimental medicine (J Exp Med) Vol. 218 Issue 1 (01 04 2021) ISSN: 1540-9538 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 32966579 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2020 Nishimura et al.

Topics

• Acute Disease
• Animals
• CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes (immunology)
• Female
• HIV Infections (immunology, pathology, therapy)
• HIV-1 (immunology)
• Immunity, Cellular
• Immunotherapy
• Macaca mulatta
• Male
• Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (immunology, pathology, therapy)
• Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (immunology)
• Viremia (immunology, pathology, therapy)