Abstract | BACKGROUND: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) has been used in Southeast Asia for hundreds of years to increase energy, for relaxation, and to diminish opioid withdrawal. Kratom use has recently spread to Western countries. Kratom could potentially be used for the treatment of opioid withdrawal and pain, but more insight is needed into its abuse potential. Therefore, we investigated the rewarding properties of the primary kratom alkaloid mitragynine and its active metabolite 7-hydroxymitragynine, and morphine as a reference drug in male and female rats. These compounds have agonist activity at mu-opioid receptors. METHODS: The compounds were tested in an intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure, which allows for the evaluation of the rewarding/aversive and sedative effects of drugs. Rewarding doses of drugs decrease the brain reward thresholds, and aversive drug doses have the opposite effect. RESULTS: CONCLUSIONS:
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Authors | Azin Behnood-Rod, Ranjithkumar Chellian, Ryann Wilson, Takato Hiranita, Abhisheak Sharma, Francisco Leon, Christopher R McCurdy, Lance R McMahon, Adriaan W Bruijnzeel |
Journal | Drug and alcohol dependence
(Drug Alcohol Depend)
Vol. 215
Pg. 108235
(10 01 2020)
ISSN: 1879-0046 [Electronic] Ireland |
PMID | 32889450
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Narcotics
- Plant Extracts
- Receptors, Opioid, mu
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids
- 7-hydroxymitragynine
- Morphine
- mitragynine
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Topics |
- Animals
- Female
- Male
- Mitragyna
(drug effects)
- Morphine
(pharmacology)
- Narcotics
(therapeutic use)
- Plant Extracts
(therapeutic use)
- Rats
- Receptors, Opioid, mu
(agonists)
- Reward
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids
(pharmacology)
- Self Stimulation
(drug effects)
- Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
(drug therapy)
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