Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and financial losses and has a high prevalence across the world. Several studies have investigated the association between various CVD types with
zinc and
copper status as the essential minerals for the human body, proposing contradictory and similar results. This narrative review aimed to survey the correlations between
zinc and
copper status in the human body and some risk factors of CVD, as well as the assessment methods of
zinc and
copper status in the human body. According to the reviewed articles,
zinc and
copper deficiency may increase the risk of
coronary heart disease, valvular regurgitation, and myocardial lesions,
cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, it could lead to the expanded mitochondrial compartments of the heart, acute and chronic
heart failure, and elevation of
inflammation markers, such as
interleukin-1 (IL-1) and
IL-6. Two methods are primarily used for the assessment of
zinc and
copper in the human body, including the direct method (measurement of their concentrations) and indirect method (determining the activity of
zinc- and
copper-containing
enzymes). Both these methods are considered reliable for the assessment of the
zinc and
copper levels in healthy individuals. Serum or plasma levels of these elements are also commonly used for the assessment of the correlation between
zinc and
copper status and CVD. But, which one is a more accurate
indicator in relation to CVD is not yet clear; therefore, further studies are required in this field.