Dietary macronutrient regulation of acyl and desacyl ghrelin concentrations in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS).

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The effects of dietary macronutrients on orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones in children are poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE:

To explore effects of varying dietary macronutrients on appetite-regulating hormones [acyl ghrelin (AG) and desacyl ghrelin (DAG), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and insulin] in children with PWS and healthy children (HC).

DESIGN:

Randomized, cross-over experiments compared two test diets [high protein-low carbohydrate (HP-LC) and high protein-low fat (HP-LF)] to a STANDARD meal (55% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 15% protein). Experiment 1 included ten children with PWS (median age 6.63 years; BMI z 1.05); experiment 2 had seven HC (median age 12.54 years; BMI z 0.95). Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 60-minute intervals for 4 hours. Independent linear mixed models were adjusted for age, sex and BMI z-score.

RESULTS:

Fasting and post-prandial AG and DAG concentrations are elevated in PWS children; the ratio of AG/DAG is normal. Food consumption reduced AG and DAG concentrations in both PWS and HC. GLP-1 levels were higher in PWS after the HP-LC and HP-LF meals than the STANDARD meal (P = .02-0.04). The fasting proinsulin to insulin ratio (0.08 vs 0.05) was higher in children with PWS (P = .05) than in HC. Average appetite scores in HC declined after all three meals (P = .02) but were lower after the HP-LC and HP-LF meals than the STANDARD meal.

CONCLUSION:

Altered processing of proinsulin and increased GLP-1 secretion in children with PWS after a high protein meal intake might enhance satiety and reduce energy intake.

• Authors: Maha Alsaif, Mohammadreza Pakseresht, Michelle L Mackenzie, Bruce Gaylinn, Michael O Thorner, Michael Freemark, Catherine J Field, Carla M Prado, Andrea M Haqq
• Journal: Clinical endocrinology (Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)) Vol. 93 Issue 5 Pg. 579-589 (11 2020) ISSN: 1365-2265 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 32638409 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• Ghrelin
• ghrelin, des-n-octanoyl

Topics

• Blood Glucose
• Child
• Fasting
• Ghrelin
• Humans
• Nutrients
• Prader-Willi Syndrome