To investigate the fine
epitope(s) of anti-C1q A08
antibodies and their roles in complement activation in
lupus nephritis, C1q A08 and related
peptides with various amino acid sequences around A08 were synthesized. Anti-C1q A08
antibodies from 10
lupus nephritis patients were purified from
plasmapheresis samples, and four
monoclonal antibodies against C1q A08 were screened and identified from mouse hybridoma cells, to study the fine
epitope(s) of C1q A08 using ELISA and Biolayer Interferometry (BLI). The biofunction of anti-C1q A08
antibodies for
complement classical pathway activation was investigated by C3 activation assay. Anti-C1q A08
antibodies and anti-C1q
antibodies were also detected in the sera of female BALB/C mice immunized by C1q A08
peptides. None of the anti-C1q A08
antibodies, which were affinity purified from the 10
lupus nephritis patients, could bind intact C1q coated on microtitre plates, neither could the anti-C1q
antibodies bind to C1q A08
peptides coupled on resin, indicating that the human anti-C1q
antibodies and anti-C1q A08
antibodies may recognize different
epitopes of C1q. One of the four C1q A08 mAbs (32-4) bound to the six
amino acids of N-terminus of C1q A08, while another C1q A08 mAb (17-9) bound to eight or 10
amino acids of C-terminus of A08. The third and fourth C1q A08 mAb (1A12 and 4B11) bound to the whole sequence of A08. Only 32-4 mAb bound to the intact C1q coating on an ELISA plate, whereas 17-9 mAb, 1A12 mAb, and 4B11 mAb could not. However, using a BLI assay, 17-9 mAb, 1A12 mAb, and 4B11 mAb, but not 32-4 mAb, could bind to intact C1q. Furthermore, 1A12 mAb and 4B11 mAb, but not 32-4 and 17-9 mAb, could inhibit the activation of
complement classical pathway. Anti-C1q A08
antibodies were detected in all the female BALB/C mice in the experimental group but not in the control group. Two out of six in the experimental group developed anti-C1q
antibodies. C1q A08 is a half-cryptic
epitope of C1q involving N-terminal six
amino acids of C1q A08, and this is important to the activation of a
complement classical pathway, and some anti-C1q A08
antibodies were able to prevent this process.
Epitope spreading of C1q occurred in the mice immunized with C1q A08
peptides.