Oxidative stress toxicity (OSTOX), as well as lowered
antioxidant defenses (ANTIOX), plays a role in
temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Nevertheless, the associations between OSTOX/ANTIOX and psychiatric comorbidities in TLE are largely unknown. Thus, this study examines plasma
malondialdehyde (MDA),
lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH),
advanced oxidation protein products (
AOPP),
nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), total radical-trapping
antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in depression due to TLE (n = 25);
anxiety disorders due to TLE (n = 27);
psychotic disorder due to TLE (n = 25); "pure TLE" (n = 27); and healthy controls (n = 40). TLE and
mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) were characterized by significant increases in OSTOX (MDA,
AOPP, LOOH) and lowered ANTIOX (-SH groups, TRAP). The discrimination of pure TLE from controls yielded a significant area under the ROC curve for MDA (0.999),
AOPP (0.851), -SH groups (0.899), and the OSTOX/ANTIOX ratio (0.996). Seizure frequency is significantly associated with increased MDA and lowered LOOH and NOx levels. Increased MDA was associated with the severity of depressive and physiosomatic symptoms, while increased
AOPP levels predicted suicidal ideation. Depression and
anxiety disorders co-occurring with TLE showed significantly lower MDA levels than TLE without any comorbidities. The psychotic and negative symptoms of TLE are associated with increased MDA levels and excitation with increased LOOH and lowered TRAP levels. These results indicate that oxidative stress toxicity especially
protein oxidation and
aldehyde formation coupled with lowered -SH groups plays a key role in the pathophysiology of TLE/MTS. Increased
aldehyde formation also impacts psychopathology and
psychosis, as well as negative and depressive symptoms.