A plant RNA virus activates selective autophagy in a UPR-dependent manner to promote virus infection.

Abstract	Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway in eukaryotes that delivers unwanted cytoplasmic materials to the lysosome/vacuole for degradation/recycling. Stimulated autophagy emerges as an integral part of plant immunity against intracellular pathogens. In this study, we used turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) as a model to investigate the involvement of autophagy in plant RNA virus infection. The small integral membrane protein 6K2 of TuMV, known as a marker of the virus replication site and an elicitor of the unfolded protein response (UPR), upregulates the selective autophagy receptor gene NBR1 in a UPR-dependent manner. NBR1 interacts with TuMV NIb, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the virus replication complex (VRC), and the autophagy cargo receptor/adaptor protein ATG8f. The NIb/NBR1/ATG8f interaction complexes colocalise with the 6K2-stained VRC. Overexpression of NBR1 or ATG8f enhances TuMV replication, and deficiency of NBR1 or ATG8f inhibits virus infection. In addition, ATG8f interacts with the tonoplast-specific protein TIP1 and the NBR1/ATG8f-containing VRC is enclosed by the TIP1-labelled tonoplast. In TuMV-infected cells, numerous membrane-bound viral particles are evident in the vacuole. Altogether these results suggest that TuMV activates and manipulates UPR-dependent NBR1-ATG8f autophagy to target the VRC to the tonoplast to promote viral replication and virion accumulation.
Authors	Fangfang Li, Changwei Zhang, Ziwei Tang, Lingrui Zhang, Zhaoji Dai, Shanwu Lyu, Yinzi Li, Xilin Hou, Mark Bernards, Aiming Wang
Journal	The New phytologist (New Phytol) Vol. 228 Issue 2 Pg. 622-639 (10 2020) ISSN: 1469-8137 [Electronic] England
PMID	32479643 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Copyright	© 2020 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada New Phytologist © 2020 New Phytologist Trust.
Chemical References	Arabidopsis Proteins Carrier Proteins NBR1 protein, Arabidopsis RNA, Plant Viral Proteins
Topics	Arabidopsis (metabolism) Arabidopsis Proteins (genetics, metabolism) Autophagy Carrier Proteins Plant Diseases Potyvirus RNA, Plant Unfolded Protein Response Viral Proteins (metabolism) Virus Diseases

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