Effects of a Hypercaloric and Hypocaloric Diet on Insulin-Induced Microvascular Recruitment, Glucose Uptake, and Lipolysis in Healthy Lean Men.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

In mice fed a high-fat diet, impairment of insulin signaling in endothelium is an early phenomenon that precedes decreased insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. We assessed in humans whether short-term overfeeding affects insulin-induced microvascular recruitment in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue before changes occur in glucose uptake and lipolysis. Approach and Results: Fifteen healthy males underwent a hypercaloric and subsequent hypocaloric diet intervention. Before, during, and after the hypercaloric diet, and upon return to baseline weight, all participants underwent (1) a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to determine insulin-induced glucose uptake and suppression of lipolysis (2) contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to measure insulin-induced microvascular recruitment in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. In addition, we assessed insulin-induced vasodilation of isolated skeletal muscle resistance arteries by pressure myography after the hypercaloric diet in study participants and controls (n=5). The hypercaloric diet increased body weight (3.5 kg; P<0.001) and fat percentage (3.5%; P<0.001) but did not affect glucose uptake nor lipolysis. The hypercaloric diet increased adipose tissue microvascular recruitment (P=0.041) and decreased the ratio between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue microvascular blood volume during hyperinsulinemia (P=0.019). Insulin-induced vasodilation of isolated skeletal muscle arterioles was significantly lower in participants compared with controls (P<0.001). The hypocaloric diet reversed all of these changes, except the increase in adipose tissue microvascular recruitment.

CONCLUSIONS:

In lean men, short-term overfeeding reduces insulin-induced vasodilation of skeletal muscle resistance arteries and shifts the distribution of tissue perfusion during hyperinsulinemia from skeletal muscle to adipose tissue without affecting glucose uptake and lipolysis. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02628301.

• Authors: Anna L Emanuel, Rick I Meijer, Jorn Woerdeman, Daniel H van Raalte, Michaela Diamant, Mark H H Kramer, Mireille J Serlie, Etto C Eringa, Erik H Serné
• Journal: Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol) Vol. 40 Issue 7 Pg. 1695-1704 (07 2020) ISSN: 1524-4636 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 32404008 (Publication Type: Clinical Study, Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• Insulin

Topics

• Adipose Tissue (blood supply, metabolism)
• Adiposity
• Adolescent
• Adult
• Arterioles (drug effects, physiology)
• Blood Glucose (drug effects, metabolism)
• Caloric Restriction
• Case-Control Studies
• Energy Intake
• Healthy Volunteers
• Humans
• Insulin (administration & dosage)
• Insulin Resistance
• Lipolysis (drug effects)
• Male
• Microcirculation (drug effects)
• Muscle, Skeletal (blood supply, metabolism)
• Time Factors
• Vasodilation (drug effects)
• Weight Gain
• Weight Loss
• Young Adult