In Celiac Disease Patients the In Vivo Challenge with the Diploid Triticum monococcum Elicits a Reduced Immune Response Compared to Hexaploid Wheat.

Abstract

SCOPE:

Gluten from the diploid wheat Triticum monococcum (TM) has low content of immunostimulatory sequences and a high gastro-intestinal digestibility. Gluten-reactive T cells elicited by diploid and hexaploid (Triticum aestivum-TA) wheat in celiac disease (CD) patients upon a brief oral challenge are analyzed.

METHODS AND RESULTS:

Seventeen patients with CD (median age 13 years) consumed for 3 days sandwiches made with TM (cultivar Norberto-ID331, N=11), or TA (cultivar Sagittario, N=11) flours, corresponding to 12 gr of gluten/die. Immunostimulatory properties are assessed in blood by measuring the IFN-γ-secreting T cells by EliSpot and the expression of inflammatory cytokines/receptors (IL-12A, IL-15, IL-18RAP, IFN-γ) by qPCR. TA mobilizes a remarkable number of gliadin-specific, IFN-γ-secreting T cells (p<0.05), while no significant cell mobilization is induced by TM (p=ns). Similar results are obtained in response to five immunogenic peptides from α-, ω-, and γ-gliadins, although with a large individual variability. An increased mRNA expression for IL-12A and IFN-γ is detected in the group eating TA compared to those consuming TM (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Although T. monococcum is a cereal not suitable for the diet of celiacs, this diploid wheat elicits a reduced in vivo T-cell response compared to T. aestivum in celiac patients.

• Authors: Stefania Picascia, Alessandra Camarca, Monica Malamisura, Roberta Mandile, Martina Galatola, Donatella Cielo, Laura Gazza, Gianfranco Mamone, Salvatore Auricchio, Riccardo Troncone, Luigi Greco, Renata Auricchio, Carmen Gianfrani
• Journal: Molecular nutrition & food research (Mol Nutr Food Res) Vol. 64 Issue 11 Pg. e1901032 (06 2020) ISSN: 1613-4133 [Electronic] Germany
• PMID: 32374905 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Chemical References

• Cytokines
• Peptide Fragments
• interferon-gamma (95-133)
• Glutens
• Interferon-gamma

Topics

• Adolescent
• Aged
• Celiac Disease (diet therapy, immunology)
• Child
• Cytokines (genetics, metabolism)
• Diet, Gluten-Free
• Diploidy
• Female
• Glutens (immunology)
• Humans
• Immunity
• Interferon-gamma (genetics, metabolism)
• Male
• Peptide Fragments (genetics, metabolism)
• Polyploidy
• T-Lymphocytes (immunology)
• Triticum (genetics, immunology)