Rivaroxaban in Peripheral Artery Disease after Revascularization.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Patients with peripheral artery disease who have undergone lower-extremity revascularization are at high risk for major adverse limb and cardiovascular events. The efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in this context are uncertain.

METHODS:

In a double-blind trial, patients with peripheral artery disease who had undergone revascularization were randomly assigned to receive rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) plus aspirin or placebo plus aspirin. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of acute limb ischemia, major amputation for vascular causes, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes. The principal safety outcome was major bleeding, defined according to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) classification; major bleeding as defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) was a secondary safety outcome.

RESULTS:

A total of 6564 patients underwent randomization; 3286 were assigned to the rivaroxaban group, and 3278 were assigned to the placebo group. The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 508 patients in the rivaroxaban group and in 584 in the placebo group; the Kaplan-Meier estimates of the incidence at 3 years were 17.3% and 19.9%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 to 0.96; P = 0.009). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 62 patients in the rivaroxaban group and in 44 patients in the placebo group (2.65% and 1.87%; hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.97 to 2.10; P = 0.07). ISTH major bleeding occurred in 140 patients in the rivaroxaban group, as compared with 100 patients in the placebo group (5.94% and 4.06%; hazard ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.84; P = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS:

In patients with peripheral artery disease who had undergone lower-extremity revascularization, rivaroxaban at a dose of 2.5 mg twice daily plus aspirin was associated with a significantly lower incidence of the composite outcome of acute limb ischemia, major amputation for vascular causes, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes than aspirin alone. The incidence of TIMI major bleeding did not differ significantly between the groups. The incidence of ISTH major bleeding was significantly higher with rivaroxaban and aspirin than with aspirin alone. (Funded by Bayer and Janssen Pharmaceuticals; VOYAGER PAD ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02504216.).

• Authors: Marc P Bonaca, Rupert M Bauersachs, Sonia S Anand, E Sebastian Debus, Mark R Nehler, Manesh R Patel, Fabrizio Fanelli, Warren H Capell, Lihong Diao, Nicole Jaeger, Connie N Hess, Akos F Pap, John M Kittelson, Ivan Gudz, Lajos Mátyás, Dainis K Krievins, Rafael Diaz, Marianne Brodmann, Eva Muehlhofer, Lloyd P Haskell, Scott D Berkowitz, William R Hiatt
• Journal: The New England journal of medicine (N Engl J Med) Vol. 382 Issue 21 Pg. 1994-2004 (05 21 2020) ISSN: 1533-4406 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 32222135 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Chemical References

• Factor Xa Inhibitors
• Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
• Rivaroxaban
• Aspirin

Topics

• Aged
• Aspirin (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Cardiovascular Diseases (epidemiology, mortality, prevention & control)
• Combined Modality Therapy
• Double-Blind Method
• Drug Therapy, Combination
• Endovascular Procedures
• Factor Xa Inhibitors (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Female
• Hemorrhage (chemically induced, epidemiology)
• Humans
• Incidence
• Ischemia (epidemiology, prevention & control)
• Kaplan-Meier Estimate
• Lower Extremity (blood supply)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Peripheral Arterial Disease (drug therapy, surgery)
• Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Rivaroxaban (adverse effects, therapeutic use)