Molecular Mechanisms Linking Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus.

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and an inadequate response to circulatory insulin by peripheral tissues resulting in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance has a complex pathophysiology, and it is contributed to by multiple factors including oxidative stress. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between free radical production and the antioxidant system leading to a reduction of peripheral insulin sensitivity and contributing to the development of T2DM via several molecular mechanisms. In this review, we present the molecular mechanisms by which the oxidative milieu contributes to the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus.

• Authors: Habib Yaribeygi, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Stephen L Atkin, Amirhossein Sahebkar
• Journal: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity (Oxid Med Cell Longev) Vol. 2020 Pg. 8609213 ( 2020) ISSN: 1942-0994 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 32215179 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2020 Habib Yaribeygi et al.

Chemical References

• Antioxidants
• Glucose Transporter Type 4
• Insulin
• SLC2A4 protein, human

Topics

• Animals
• Antioxidants (metabolism, therapeutic use)
• Diabetes Mellitus (classification, drug therapy, metabolism, pathology)
• Glucose Transporter Type 4 (genetics, metabolism)
• Humans
• Inflammation (metabolism)
• Insulin (metabolism)
• Insulin Resistance
• Insulin-Secreting Cells (metabolism, pathology)
• Mitochondria (metabolism)
• Oxidative Stress (drug effects)
• Signal Transduction