Rubella IgM epidemiology in the pre-rubella vaccination era in Uganda.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Control of Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome using vaccination has shown great success in the America's. Uganda is due to introduce the Rubella vaccine however the magnitude of transmission is not well documented. Therefore this study was done to determine IgM sero-prevalance for Rubella in order to help monitor vaccine effectiveness post introduction of the vaccine in routine vaccination programme.

METHODS:

A retrospective review of suspected measles cases data for the reporting period January 2007 to December 2016 in Uganda was Done. rubella IgM testing was done on 15,296 of the cases and the data was analyzed using STATA version 13.

RESULTS:

In total 15,296 cases were tested and 4255 (27.8%) tested positive and among females aged 15-49 years 88 out of 322 (27%) tested positive. The age distribution range was 0-80 years, rubella IgM positivity was reported in all the 15 regions of Uganda and throughout the ten year period in every month. Age group 5-15 years had OR 2.5 p-value < 0.001 of being rubella IgM positive compared to age < 5 years and testing measles IgM negative OR 6.3 p-value < 0.001.

CONCLUSION:

Rubella is endemic in Uganda and although rubella IgM positivity is highest in the age 5-15 years even the younger, older and women of reprodutive age are affected. This means the risk of Congenital Rubella Syndrome is high hence the need to introduce the rubella vaccine for infants and pregnant mothers and continued surveillance to enhance its control.

• Authors: Fred Bagenda, Edgar Mugema Mulogo, Richard Onyuthi Apecu, Anette Kisakye, Benard Toliva Opar
• Journal: BMC infectious diseases (BMC Infect Dis) Vol. 20 Issue 1 Pg. 219 (Mar 12 2020) ISSN: 1471-2334 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 32164592 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Immunoglobulin M
• Rubella Vaccine

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Age Distribution
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Child
• Child, Preschool
• Female
• Humans
• Immunization Programs
• Immunoglobulin M (blood)
• Infant
• Male
• Measles (epidemiology)
• Middle Aged
• Prevalence
• Retrospective Studies
• Rubella (epidemiology, prevention & control)
• Rubella Syndrome, Congenital (epidemiology, prevention & control)
• Rubella Vaccine (immunology, therapeutic use)
• Rubella virus (immunology)
• Uganda (epidemiology)
• Young Adult