Abstract | BACKGROUND & AIMS: METHODS: Five cases of liver injury attributed to ashwagandha-containing supplements were identified; three were collected in Iceland during 2017-2018 and two from the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network ( DILIN) in 2016. Other causes for liver injury were excluded. Causality was assessed using the DILIN structured expert opinion causality approach. RESULTS: Among the five patients, three were males; mean age was 43 years (range 21-62). All patients developed jaundice and symptoms such as nausea, lethargy, pruritus and abdominal discomfort after a latency of 2-12 weeks. Liver injury was cholestatic or mixed (R ratios 1.4-3.3). Pruritus and hyperbilirubinaemia were prolonged (5-20 weeks). No patient developed hepatic failure. Liver tests normalized within 1-5 months in four patients. One patient was lost to follow-up. One biopsy was performed, showing acute cholestatic hepatitis. Chemical analysis confirmed ashwagandha in available supplements; no other toxic compounds were identified. No patient was taking potentially hepatotoxic prescription medications, although four were consuming additional supplements, and in one case, rhodiola was a possible causative agent along with ashwagandha. CONCLUSIONS: These cases illustrate the hepatotoxic potential of ashwagandha. Liver injury is typically cholestatic or mixed with severe jaundice and pruritus, but self-limited with liver tests normalizing in 1-5 months.
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Authors | Helgi K Björnsson, Einar S Björnsson, Bharathi Avula, Ikhlas A Khan, Jon G Jonasson, Marwan Ghabril, Paul H Hayashi, Victor Navarro |
Journal | Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver
(Liver Int)
Vol. 40
Issue 4
Pg. 825-829
(04 2020)
ISSN: 1478-3231 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 31991029
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural)
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Copyright | © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
Chemical References |
- Plant Extracts
- Ashwagandha
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Topics |
- Adult
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
(etiology)
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic
- Europe
- Female
- Humans
- Iceland
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Plant Extracts
- Withania
- Young Adult
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