Abstract | INTRODUCTION: Childhood pneumonia is a major cause of mortality worldwide while household air pollution (HAP) is a major contributor to childhood pneumonia in low and middle-income countries. This paper presents the prevalence trend of childhood pneumonia in Nepal and assesses its association with household air pollution. METHODS: The study analysed data from the 2006, 2011 and 2016 Nepal Demographic Health Surveys ( NDHS). It calculated the prevalence of childhood pneumonia and the factors that cause household air pollution. The association of childhood pneumonia and HAP was assessed using univariate and multi-variate analysis. The population attributable fraction (PAF) of indoor pollution for causing pneumonia was calculated using 2016 NDHS data to assess the burden of pneumonia attributable to HAP factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of childhood pneumonia decreased in Nepal between 2006 and 2016 and was higher among households using polluting cooking fuels. There was a higher risk of childhood pneumonia among children who lived in households with no separate kitchens in 2011 [Adjusted risk ratio (ARR) 1.40, 95% CI 1.01-1.97] and in 2016 (ARR 1.93, 95% CI 1.14-3.28). In 2016, the risk of children contracting pneumonia in households using polluting fuels was double (ARR 1.98, 95% CI 1.01-3.92) that of children from households using clean fuels. Based on the 2016 data, the PAF for pneumonia was calculated as 30.9% for not having a separate kitchen room and 39.8% for using polluting cooking fuel. DISCUSSION FOR PRACTICE: Although the occurrence of childhood pneumonia in Nepal has decreased, the level of its association with HAP remained high.
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Authors | Shyam Sundar Budhathoki, Bhim Singh Tinkari, Amit Bhandari, Meghnath Dhimal, Hong Zhou, Anup Ghimire, Omkar Basnet, Johan Wrammert, Ashish Kc |
Journal | Maternal and child health journal
(Matern Child Health J)
Vol. 24
Issue Suppl 1
Pg. 48-56
(Feb 2020)
ISSN: 1573-6628 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 31981064
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
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Topics |
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Air Pollution
(analysis)
- Air Pollution, Indoor
(adverse effects, statistics & numerical data)
- Child, Preschool
- Cooking
- Family Characteristics
- Female
- Housing
- Humans
- Male
- Nepal
(epidemiology)
- Pneumonia
(epidemiology)
- Prevalence
- Young Adult
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