Epidemiological studies have shown that cigarette smoking is beneficial in
ulcerative colitis and that
nicotine may be responsible for this effect. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In a previous study,
nicotine was found to induce autophagy in intestinal cells. Here, we evaluated the effect of
nicotine-induced autophagy in a
dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced
colitis mouse model. C57BL/6 adult male mice drank DSS water
solution freely for seven consecutive days, and then tap water was administered. The effect of
nicotine treatment was examined in the DSS model, including colon length, disease severity, histology of the colon tissue, and
inflammation levels. Moreover, autophagy levels were detected by Western blot analysis (LC3II/LC3I, p62, and
beclin-1). The levels of DSS-induced
colitis were significantly decreased following
nicotine treatment. The disease activity score,
body weight, histologic damage scores, and the level of colonic inflammatory factors of
nicotine-treated mice all decreased compared to those of the control mice. Additionally,
nicotine enhanced the expression of LC3II/LC3I and
beclin-1 but decreased the p62
protein level. Inhibiting autophagy by 3-MA attenuated the protective effects of
nicotine on
colitis. Additionally, both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed changes in AMPK-mTOR-P70S6K during this process. These results suggest that
nicotine improved
colitis by regulating autophagy and provided a protective effect against DSS-induced
colitis.