Subphenotypes of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory disease-exacerbated respiratory disease identified by latent class analysis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Induced sputum (IS) allows to measure mediators of asthmatic inflammation in bronchial secretions. NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) is recognized as a distinct asthma phenotype, usually with a severe course, eosinophilic airway inflammation, and increased production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. A more insightful analysis of NERD patients has shown this phenotype to be nonhomogeneous.

OBJECTIVE:

We aimed to identify possible subphenotypes in a cohort of NERD patients with the means of latent class analysis (LCA).

METHODS:

A total of 95 asthma patients with aspirin hypersensitivity underwent sputum induction. High-performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to profile eicosanoids in induced sputum supernatant (ISS). Sixteen variables covering clinical characteristics, IS inflammatory cells, and eicosanoids were considered in the LCA.

RESULTS:

Three classes (subphenotypes) were distinguished within the NERD cohort. Class 1 subjects had mild-to-moderate asthma, an almost equal distribution of inflammatory cell patterns, the lowest concentrations of eicosanoids, and logLTE4 /logPGE2 ratio. Class 2 represented severe asthma with impaired lung function despite high doses of steroids. High sputum eosinophilia was in line with higher pro-inflammatory LTE4 in ISS and the highest logLTE4 /logPGE2 ratio. Class 3 subjects had mild-to-moderate asthma and were also characterized by eosinophilic airway inflammation, yet increased production of pro- (LTE4 , PGD2 and 11-dehydro-TBX2 ) was balanced by anti-inflammatory PGE2 . The value of logLTE4 /logPGE2 was between values calculated for classes 1 and 3, similarly to disease control and severity.

CONCLUSIONS:

LCA revealed three distinct NERD subphenotypes. Our results support a more complex pathobiology of aspirin hypersensitivity. Considering NERD heterogeneity, the relationship between inflammatory pathways and clinical manifestations of asthma may lead to more individualized treatment in difficult to treat patients in the future.

• Authors: Natalia Celejewska-Wójcik, Krzysztof Wójcik, Maria Ignacak-Popiel, Adam Ćmiel, Katarzyna Tyrak, Anna Gielicz, Aleksander Kania, Paweł Nastałek, Marek Sanak, Lucyna Mastalerz
• Journal: Allergy (Allergy) Vol. 75 Issue 4 Pg. 831-840 (04 2020) ISSN: 1398-9995 [Electronic] Denmark
• PMID: 31803947 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2019 The Authors. Allergy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Chemical References

• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
• Leukotriene E4
• Aspirin

Topics

• Adult
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal (adverse effects)
• Aspirin
• Female
• Humans
• Latent Class Analysis
• Leukotriene E4
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Respiration Disorders
• Sputum