Computational fluid dynamics simulation of changes in the morphology and airflow dynamics of the upper airways in OSAHS patients after treatment with oral appliances.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

To explore the changes of morphology and internal airflow in upper airways (UA) after the use of oral appliances (OAs) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and investigate the mechanisms by which OAs function as a therapy for OSAHS.

METHODS:

Eight OSAHS patients (all male, aged 37-58, mean age 46.25) underwent CT scans before and after OA use. Then, computational fluid dynamics(CFD) models were built on the base of the CT scans using Mimics and ANSYS ICEM CFD software. The internal airflow of the upper airways was simulated using ANSYS-FLUENT and the results were analyzed using ANSYS-CFD-Post. The data were analyzed to identify the most important changes of biomechanical properties between patients with and without OA intervention. Upper airway morphology and the internal airflow changes were compared using t-tests and Spearman correlation coefficient analysis.

RESULTS:

The narrowest area of upper airways was found to be located in the lower bound of velopharynx, where the volume and pressure were statistically significantly increased (P<0.05) and the air velocity was statistically significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the presence of the OA(P<0.05). After wearing OA, pharyngeal resistance was significantly decreased (P<0.05), from 290.63 to 186.25Pa/L, and the airflow resistance of the pharynx has reduced by 35.9%.

CONCLUSION:

The enlargement of the upper airway after wearing the OA changed its airflow dynamics, which decreased the negative pressure and resistance in narrow areas of the upper airways. Thus, the collapsibility of the upper airways was reduced and patency was sustained.

• Authors: Baolong Song, Yibo Li, Jianwei Sun, Yizhe Qi, Peng Li, Yongming Li, Zexu Gu
• Journal: PloS one (PLoS One) Vol. 14 Issue 11 Pg. e0219642 ( 2019) ISSN: 1932-6203 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 31721777 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Topics

• Adult
• Airway Resistance (physiology)
• Computer Simulation
• Humans
• Hydrodynamics
• Imaging, Three-Dimensional
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Pharynx (diagnostic imaging, physiopathology)
• Polysomnography
• Pressure
• Pulmonary Ventilation (physiology)
• Respiratory System (diagnostic imaging, physiopathology)
• Sleep Apnea, Obstructive (diagnostic imaging, physiopathology, therapy)
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed