Perioperative antibiotherapy should replace prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy preceded by preoperative biliary drainage.

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains a morbid surgery. Preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) is often necessary before surgery but is associated with biliary contamination. We compared the postoperative complications of patients undergoing PBD who received the usual prophylactic antibiotics (PAs) or systematic antibiotherapy (ABT).

METHODS:

All patients who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2017 were included. Systematic perioperative ABT with piperacillin + tazobactam (ABT group) was implemented in 2014 as the standard of care for PBD. Patients treated in the period before such implementation, during which standard cefazolin was given, served as the controls (PAs group). The primary outcomes were postoperative complications.

RESULTS:

We included 122 patients with PBD who underwent surgery. There were no demographic differences between the two groups. Perioperative ABT was associated with a reduction in deep abdominal abscesses (36% vs 10%, P = .0008), respiratory tract infections (15% vs 3%; P = .02), bacteremia (41% vs 6%; P < .0001), and a shorter length of hospital stay (17 [13-27] vs 13 [10-14] days; P < .0001). ABT was a protective factor against the development of deep abdominal abscesses (odds ratio [OR] = 0.16; P = .001) whereas smoking (OR = 3.9) and pancreatic fistula (OR = 19.1) were risk factors.

CONCLUSION:

Systematic perioperative ABT in patients undergoing PD preceded by PBD may reduce deep surgical infections and the length of hospital stay.

• Authors: O Degrandi, E Buscail, S Martellotto, C Gronnier, D Collet, J P Adam, A Ouattara, C Laurent, A Dewitte, L Chiche
• Journal: Journal of surgical oncology (J Surg Oncol) Vol. 120 Issue 4 Pg. 639-645 (Sep 2019) ISSN: 1096-9098 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 31297827 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Chemical References

• Anti-Bacterial Agents
• Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination

Topics

• Aged
• Anti-Bacterial Agents (therapeutic use)
• Antibiotic Prophylaxis (adverse effects)
• Drainage (adverse effects)
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Pancreatic Neoplasms (surgery)
• Pancreaticoduodenectomy (adverse effects)
• Perioperative Care
• Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination (therapeutic use)
• Postoperative Complications (etiology, prevention & control)
• Preoperative Care
• Prognosis
• Surgical Wound Infection (etiology, prevention & control)