Influenza A in Bovine Species: A Narrative Literature Review.

Abstract

It is quite intriguing that bovines were largely unaffected by influenza A, even though most of the domesticated and wild animals/birds at the human-animal interface succumbed to infection over the past few decades. Influenza A occurs on a very infrequent basis in bovine species and hence bovines were not considered to be susceptible hosts for influenza until the emergence of influenza D. This review describes a multifaceted chronological review of literature on influenza in cattle which comprises mainly of the natural infections/outbreaks, experimental studies, and pathological and seroepidemiological aspects of influenza A that have occurred in the past. The review also sheds light on the bovine models used in vitro and in vivo for influenza-related studies over recent years. Despite a few natural cases in the mid-twentieth century and seroprevalence of human, swine, and avian influenza viruses in bovines, the evolution and host adaptation of influenza A virus (IAV) in this species suffered a serious hindrance until the novel influenza D virus (IDV) emerged recently in cattle across the world. Supposedly, certain bovine host factors, particularly some serum components and secretory proteins, were reported to have anti-influenza properties, which could be an attributing factor for the resilient nature of bovines to IAV. Further studies are needed to identify the host-specific factors contributing to the differential pathogenetic mechanisms and disease progression of IAV in bovines compared to other susceptible mammalian hosts.

• Authors: Chithra C Sreenivasan, Milton Thomas, Radhey S Kaushik, Dan Wang, Feng Li
• Journal: Viruses (Viruses) Vol. 11 Issue 6 (06 17 2019) ISSN: 1999-4915 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 31213032 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Review)

Topics

• Animals
• Cattle
• Cattle Diseases (epidemiology, virology)
• Influenza A virus (isolation & purification)
• Orthomyxoviridae Infections (epidemiology, veterinary, virology)
• Prevalence
• Thogotovirus (isolation & purification)