Neutrophil Extracellular Traps protein composition is specific for patients with Lupus nephritis and includes methyl-oxidized αenolase (methionine sulfoxide 93).

Abstract	NETs constitute a network of DNA and proteins released by neutrophils in response to infectious and immunologic triggers. NET proteins are recognized as autoantigens in ANCA vasculitis; limited knowledge is available in other autoimmune pathologies. The composition of NETs produced ex vivo by resting and Phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated neutrophils was analyzed by high-throughput Fusion Orbitrap technology in 16 patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus/Lupus nephritis (9 SLE/7 LN) and in 11 controls. Seven-hundred proteins were characterized and specific fingerprints discriminated LN from SLE. We focused on methyl-oxidized αenolase (methionine sulfoxide 93) that was markedly increased in NETs from LN and was localized in NET filaments in tight connection and outlying DNA. The isotype of anti-αenolase antibodies was IgG2 in LN and IgG4 in other autoimmune glomerulonephritis (Membranous Nephropathy, MN); serum anti-αenolase IgG2 were higher in LN than in SLE and absent in MN. The same IgG2 antibodies recognized 5 epitopes of the protein one containing methionine sulphoxide 93. In conclusion, specific NET protein fingerprints characterize different subsets of SLE; methyl-oxidized αenolase is over-expressed in LN. Circulating anti-αenolase IgG2 recognize the oxidized epitope and are high in serum of LN patients. Post-translational modified NET proteins contribute to autoimmunity in patients with LN.
Authors	Maurizio Bruschi, Andrea Petretto, Laura Santucci, Augusto Vaglio, Federico Pratesi, Paola Migliorini, Roberta Bertelli, Chiara Lavarello, Martina Bartolucci, Giovanni Candiano, Marco Prunotto, Gian Marco Ghiggeri
Journal	Scientific reports (Sci Rep) Vol. 9 Issue 1 Pg. 7934 (05 28 2019) ISSN: 2045-2322 [Electronic] England
PMID	31138830 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	Autoantibodies Biomarkers, Tumor DNA-Binding Proteins Tumor Suppressor Proteins Methionine ENO1 protein, human Phosphopyruvate Hydratase methionine sulfoxide
Topics	Adolescent Adult Aged Autoantibodies (blood, immunology) Biomarkers, Tumor (analysis, immunology) Child Child, Preschool DNA-Binding Proteins (analysis, immunology) Extracellular Traps (chemistry, immunology) Glomerulonephritis, Membranous (blood, immunology, pathology) Humans Lupus Nephritis (blood, immunology, pathology) Methionine (analogs & derivatives, analysis, immunology) Middle Aged Models, Molecular Oxidation-Reduction Phosphopyruvate Hydratase (analysis, immunology) Protein Interaction Maps Protein Processing, Post-Translational Tumor Suppressor Proteins (analysis, immunology) Young Adult

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