Immunoisolation of pancreatic islets via thin-layer surface modification.

Abstract

Islet transplantation is an alternative method of replacing exogenous insulin to treat type 1 diabetes. However, transplantation of allo- or xenograft islets causes the activation of host's immune reaction, which leads to the failure of the transplanted grafts. Immunosuppressive-sparing strategies have been introduced to avoid adverse effects associated with a long-term use of the immunosuppressive drugs. In this regard, macro/microencapsulation, surface camouflage, and surface modification with immune-privileged cells have been performed to protect the transplanted islets against instant blood-mediated inflammatory reactions or immune reactions. However, the increased size of the encapsulated islets after transplantation leads to insufficient oxygen and nutrients for the islets, causing most of them to undergo apoptosis. Therefore, recent studies have aimed at reducing the capsule thickness while maintaining immunoprotective ability of encapsulated islets. In this review, we discuss several techniques of thin-layer surface coating of pancreatic islets using a variety of polymers, therapeutic agents (TA), TA-loaded nano or microparticles, and living cells.

• Authors: Shiva Pathak, Tung Thanh Pham, Jee-Heon Jeong, Youngro Byun
• Journal: Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society (J Control Release) Vol. 305 Pg. 176-193 (07 10 2019) ISSN: 1873-4995 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 31029742 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Anticoagulants
• Polyethylene Glycols

Topics

• Animals
• Anticoagulants (therapeutic use)
• Cells, Immobilized (cytology, immunology, transplantation)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 (immunology, therapy)
• Graft Rejection (immunology, prevention & control)
• Humans
• Islets of Langerhans (cytology, immunology)
• Islets of Langerhans Transplantation (immunology, methods)
• Polyethylene Glycols (therapeutic use)