Yellow fever virus is susceptible to sofosbuvir both in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract

Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family. In Brazil, yellow fever (YF) cases have increased dramatically in sylvatic areas neighboring urban zones in the last few years. Because of the high lethality rates associated with infection and absence of any antiviral treatments, it is essential to identify therapeutic options to respond to YFV outbreaks. Repurposing of clinically approved drugs represents the fastest alternative to discover antivirals for public health emergencies. Other Flaviviruses, such as Zika (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) viruses, are susceptible to sofosbuvir, a clinically approved drug against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Our data showed that sofosbuvir docks onto YFV RNA polymerase using conserved amino acid residues for nucleotide binding. This drug inhibited the replication of both vaccine and wild-type strains of YFV on human hepatoma cells, with EC50 values around 5 μM. Sofosbuvir protected YFV-infected neonatal Swiss mice and adult type I interferon receptor knockout mice (A129-/-) from mortality and weight loss. Because of its safety profile in humans and significant antiviral effects in vitro and in mice, Sofosbuvir may represent a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of YF. Key-words: Yellow fever virus; Yellow fever, antiviral; sofosbuvir.

• Authors: Caroline S de Freitas, Luiza M Higa, Carolina Q Sacramento, André C Ferreira, Patrícia A Reis, Rodrigo Delvecchio, Fabio L Monteiro, Giselle Barbosa-Lima, Harrison James Westgarth, Yasmine Rangel Vieira, Mayara Mattos, Natasha Rocha, Lucas Villas Bôas Hoelz, Rennan Papaleo Paes Leme, Mônica M Bastos, Gisele Olinto L Rodrigues, Carla Elizabeth M Lopes, Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior, Cristiano X Lima, Vivian V Costa, Mauro M Teixeira, Fernando A Bozza, Patrícia T Bozza, Nubia Boechat, Amilcar Tanuri, Thiago Moreno L Souza
• Journal: PLoS neglected tropical diseases (PLoS Negl Trop Dis) Vol. 13 Issue 1 Pg. e0007072 (01 2019) ISSN: 1935-2735 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 30699122 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Antiviral Agents
• RNA, Viral
• Sofosbuvir

Topics

• Animals
• Antiviral Agents (pharmacology)
• Chlorocebus aethiops
• Disease Models, Animal
• Drug Resistance, Viral
• Hep G2 Cells
• Humans
• Mice
• Mice, Knockout
• RNA, Viral (blood, drug effects, genetics)
• Sofosbuvir (pharmacology)
• Vero Cells
• Yellow Fever (blood, drug therapy, pathology, virology)
• Yellow fever virus (drug effects, genetics)