Prostaglandins (PGs) are early and key contributors to chronic
neurodegenerative diseases. As one important member of classical PGs,
PGA1 has been reported to exert potential
neuroprotective effects. However, the mechanisms remain unknown. To this end, we are prompted to investigate whether
PGA1 is a useful neurological treatment for
Alzheimer's disease (AD) or not. Using high-throughput sequencing, we found that
PGA1 potentially regulates
cholesterol metabolism and
lipid transport. Interestingly, we further found that short-term administration of
PGA1 decreased the levels of the monomeric and oligomeric β-
amyloid protein (oAβ) in a
cholesterol-dependent manner. In detail,
PGA1 activated the
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and
ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) signalling pathways, promoting the efflux of
cholesterol and decreasing the intracellular
cholesterol levels. Through PPARγ/ABCA1/
cholesterol-dependent pathway,
PGA1 decreased the expression of
presenilin enhancer
protein 2 (PEN-2), which is responsible for the production of Aβ. More importantly, long-term administration of
PGA1 remarkably decreased the formation of Aβ monomers, oligomers, and fibrils. The actions of
PGA1 on the production and deposition of Aβ ultimately improved the
cognitive decline of the
amyloid precursor
protein/presenilin1 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice.