Abstract | OBJECTIVE: DATA SOURCE: DATA SUMMARY: A total of 247 articles were identified and, after reading the headings, this number was reduced to 45 articles, whose abstracts were read and, of these, 20 were deemed important and were included in the review. In addition of these articles, references mentioned in them and specific books on mouth breathing deemed important were included. Hypertrophy of palatine and/or pharyngeal tonsils, whether associated with allergic rhinitis, as well as poorly controlled allergic rhinitis, are the main causes of mouth breathing in children. Respiratory sleep disorders are frequent among these patients. Several studies associate mouth breathing with reduced growth, as well as with reduced growth hormone release, which are reestablished after effective treatment of mouth breathing (clinical and/or surgical). CONCLUSIONS:
Mouth breathing should be considered as a potential cause of growth retardation in children; pediatricians should assess these patients in a broad manner.
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Authors | Mario Morais-Almeida, Gustavo Falbo Wandalsen, Dirceu Solé |
Journal | Jornal de pediatria
(J Pediatr (Rio J))
2019 Mar - Apr
Vol. 95 Suppl 1
Pg. 66-71
ISSN: 1678-4782 [Electronic] Brazil |
PMID | 30611649
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2018 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved. |
Topics |
- Child
- Growth Disorders
(etiology, physiopathology)
- Humans
- Mouth Breathing
(complications, physiopathology)
- Nasal Obstruction
(complications, physiopathology)
- Rhinitis
(complications)
- Sleep Wake Disorders
(complications, physiopathology)
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