Alginate oligosaccharide alleviates enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced intestinal mucosal disruption in weaned pigs.

Abstract

Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is a non-toxic, non-immunogenic, non-carcinogenic and biodegradable product generated by depolymerisation of alginate, and exhibits various salutary properties. The present study was designed to evaluate whether AOS supplementation could attenuate enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced intestinal mucosal injury in weaned pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs were randomly assigned to three treatments: (1) non-challenged control; (2) ETEC-challenged control; and (3) ETEC challenge + AOS treatment (100 mg kg-1). On day 12, pigs in the non-challenged group were orally infused with sterilised Luria-Bertani culture while pigs in other groups were orally infused with ETEC (2.6 × 1011 colony-forming units). At 3 days after the challenge, all pigs were orally administered d-xylose at 0.1 g per kg body weight and then euthanised 1 h later to obtain serum and intestinal mucosa samples. Our results showed that ETEC infection both reduced (P < 0.05) the villus height and proportion of epithelial cells in the S phase and elevated (P < 0.05) the percentage of total apoptotic epithelial cells in the jejunum and ileum; these deleterious effects caused by ETEC were alleviated (P < 0.05) by supplemental AOS. Meanwhile, AOS ingestion attenuated (P < 0.05) not only the up-regulated tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3 (caspase-3), -8 and -9 transcriptions, as well as the enhanced caspase activities (caspase-3, -8 and -9), but also the down-regulated cyclin E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) transcriptions in jejunal and ileal mucosae, caused by the ETEC challenge. In conclusion, it is possible that the protective effects of AOS against ETEC-induced intestinal mucosal disruption in weaned pigs are associated with the restrained enterocyte death, by reducing both mitochondria-dependent and TNFR1-dependent apoptosis and the accelerated enterocyte proliferation, via enhancing the cyclin E-CDK2 complex formation.

• Authors: Jin Wan , Jiao Zhang , Daiwen Chen , Bing Yu , Xiangbing Mao , Ping Zheng , Jie Yu , Zhiqing Huang , Junqiu Luo , Yuheng Luo , Jun He
• Journal: Food & function (Food Funct) Vol. 9 Issue 12 Pg. 6401-6413 (Dec 13 2018) ISSN: 2042-650X [Electronic] England
• PMID: 30457630 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Alginates
• Cyclin E
• Oligosaccharides
• Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2
• Caspases

Topics

• Alginates (administration & dosage, chemistry)
• Animals
• Caspases (genetics, metabolism)
• Cyclin E (genetics, metabolism)
• Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (genetics, metabolism)
• Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (physiology)
• Escherichia coli Infections (drug therapy, genetics, metabolism, microbiology)
• Female
• Intestinal Mucosa (drug effects, metabolism, microbiology)
• Male
• Oligosaccharides (administration & dosage)
• Swine
• Weaning