Activity of dalbavancin and comparator agents against Gram-positive cocci from clinical infections in the USA and Europe 2015-16.

Abstract

Background:

Many infections due to Gram-positive cocci (GPC; staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci) regularly involve prolonged systemic antibiotic use. Dalbavancin has demonstrated activity against GPC isolates and has been approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) in adults.

Objectives:

To evaluate the activity of dalbavancin against GPC isolated from a variety of infection types in the USA and Europe.

Methods:

A total of 14 319 Staphylococcus aureus, 1992 CoNS, 3269 β-haemolytic streptococci (BHS), 2071 Enterococcus faecalis, 936 Enterococcus faecium, 71 Enterococcus gallinarum/casseliflavus and other Enterococcus spp., 3487 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 1063 viridans group streptococci (VGS) causing clinical infections were consecutively collected (2015-16) and tested for susceptibility by broth microdilution methods.

Results:

All S. aureus (36.4% MRSA) isolates were susceptible to dalbavancin, teicoplanin and vancomycin, while daptomycin and linezolid showed susceptibility rates of >99.9% (according to CLSI criteria). Dalbavancin MIC results were at least 16-fold lower than these comparators against all S. aureus. Dalbavancin was the most potent agent against CoNS [62.2%/59.6% methicillin-resistant (CLSI/EUCAST)], followed by daptomycin, linezolid and vancomycin. All vancomycin-susceptible E. faecalis isolates were inhibited by dalbavancin at ≤0.25 mg/L (FDA susceptible breakpoint). Dalbavancin was very active against BHS (MIC90 0.03 mg/L) and the most active agent against S. pneumoniae and VGS (highest MIC 0.25 mg/L). Ceftriaxone, daptomycin, levofloxacin and vancomycin were also active (93.5%-100.0% susceptible) against VGS, whereas clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin and tetracycline had lower activity.

Conclusions:

Dalbavancin appears to be a viable candidate for treating serious infections caused by GPC.

• Authors: Michael A Pfaller, Rodrigo E Mendes, Leonard R Duncan, Robert K Flamm, Helio S Sader
• Journal: The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy (J Antimicrob Chemother) Vol. 73 Issue 10 Pg. 2748-2756 (10 01 2018) ISSN: 1460-2091 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 29982565 (Publication Type: Evaluation Study, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Anti-Bacterial Agents
• Teicoplanin
• Vancomycin
• dalbavancin
• Daptomycin

Topics

• Anti-Bacterial Agents (pharmacology)
• Daptomycin (pharmacology)
• Enterococcus (drug effects, isolation & purification)
• Enterococcus faecalis (drug effects, isolation & purification)
• Europe (epidemiology)
• Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections (epidemiology, microbiology)
• Gram-Positive Cocci (drug effects, isolation & purification)
• Humans
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests
• Teicoplanin (analogs & derivatives, pharmacology)
• United States (epidemiology)
• Vancomycin (pharmacology)
• Viridans Streptococci (drug effects, isolation & purification)