Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency, outcome, and risk factors of intravenous contrast media (CM) extravasation during contrast-enhanced CT scans in a large population. METHODS: After institutional review board approval, 142,651 patients (72,976 males and 69,675 females; mean age, 59.9 ± 13.0 years) who underwent contrast-enhanced CT scans with intravenous CM between January 2015 and April 2017 were retrospectively included. The frequency of CM extravasations and their clinical outcomes were investigated. Risk factors of CM extravasation were evaluated using logistic regression with generalized estimating equation analyses. In addition, the frequency and risk factors of large-volume (≥100 ml) CM extravasation were also investigated. RESULTS: CM extravasation occurred in 0.23% (321/142,651) of patients, all of which were of mild degree and resolved without any sequelae through conservative management. Multivariate analysis revealed that female gender [odds ratio (OR) = 1.61; p < 0.001], 60 < age ≤ 70 years (OR = 1.71; p = 0.004) or age > 70 years (OR = 2.49; p < 0.001), patients in general wards (OR = 2.71; p < 0.001) or ICUs (OR = 4.76; p < 0.001), 9.4 < CM viscosity ≤ 10.0 (OR = 1.65; p = 0.015), 10.0 < CM viscosity ≤ 10.6 (OR = 1.60; p = 0.002), and CM viscosity > 16.0 (OR = 2.55, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for CM extravasation. CONCLUSION: CM extravasation during contrast-enhanced CT scans was uncommon with no substantial clinical consequences. Several risk factors that may have the potential to reduce the occurrence of CM extravasation were identified. KEY POINTS:
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Authors | Eui Jin Hwang, Cheong-Il Shin, Young Hun Choi, Chang Min Park |
Journal | European radiology
(Eur Radiol)
Vol. 28
Issue 12
Pg. 5368-5375
(Dec 2018)
ISSN: 1432-1084 [Electronic] Germany |
PMID | 29876706
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study)
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Chemical References |
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Topics |
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Contrast Media
(adverse effects)
- Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials
(epidemiology)
- Female
- Humans
- Incidence
- Injections, Intravenous
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Odds Ratio
- Republic of Korea
(epidemiology)
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
(methods)
- Young Adult
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