One of the causes of infants' hospitalizations is
bronchiolitis, while different viral agents could be causative agents. As there is little information regarding the common agents of
bronchiolitis in Iranian infants, we designed this study to determine which agents were responsible for hospitalization due to
bronchiolitis among infants in an Iranian tertiary center. Two hundred and three infants with
bronchiolitis who were hospitalized in Bahrami hospital were enrolled. Data regarding age, sex, duration of hospitalization, exposure to smoking, previous
antibiotic usage and
fever were collected for all enrolled cases. Throat sample by means of
soap was collected and rapid test with immunochromatography (IC) test was performed. Rapid test was positive in 59 (29%) cases and three cases had concomitant
infection with two viruses. The most common viral agent was RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus). Mean age was significantly lower in cases with RSV or RSV+ adenovirus infectious in comparison with other two groups (adenovirus or
influenza only), while mean duration of hospitalization was significantly longer in RSV/RSV+ adenovirus group. RSV is the most common viral etiology of
bronchiolitis in Iranian infants less than one year old, which is related with younger age and longer duration of hospitalization.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem
autoimmune disease. Near 10% of affected children have a relative with SLE.
Autoimmune diseases are more common in relatives of children with SLE. As there is no study regarding the prevalence of
autoimmune disease in cases with pediatric SLE, we designed this study to evaluate the prevalence of
autoimmune disease in children with SLE. In this cross sectional study, 50 children with SLE and 50 healthy children were enrolled. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding the presence of
autoimmune diseases in relatives. One thousand eight hundred and thirty two relatives were evaluated in the case group and 1699 in the control group. The number of relatives with
autoimmune diseases was significantly higher in the case group (26 vs 10). The most common
autoimmune diseases were lupus, followed by
thyroid diseases among cases, and
thyroid diseases and
rheumatoid arthritis in controls. According to the results of this study, the prevalence of autoimmune disorders is more common in relatives of children with SLE than in those of controls.