Epigallocatechin-3-gallate local pre-exposure application prevents SHIV rectal infection of macaques.

Abstract

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural and major ingredient of green tea, has been shown to have anti-inflammation and anti-HIV-1 properties. We demonstrated that the intrarectal administration of EGCG could protect rhesus macaques from repetitive, intrarectal challenges with low-dose SHIVSF162P3N. This protection has a per-exposure risk reduction of 91.5% (P = 0.0009; log-rank test) and a complete protection of 87.5% (P < 0.001; Fisher's exact test). All protected animals showed no evidence of systemic and mucosal SHIV infection as demonstrated by the absence of viral RNA, DNA and antibodies. In contrast, all controls became infected after repeated SHIV challenges (a median of 2.5 times, range of 1-8 times). Mechanistically, EGCG could block the binding of HIV-1 gp120 to CD4 receptor and suppress the macrophage infiltration/activation in the rectal mucosa of macaques. These data support further clinical evaluation and development of EGCG as a novel, safe and cost-effective microbicide for preventing sexual transmission of HIV-1.

• Authors: J B Liu, J L Li, K Zhuang, H Liu, X Wang, Q H Xiao, X D Li, R H Zhou, L Zhou, T C Ma, W Zhou, M Q Liu, W Z Ho
• Journal: Mucosal immunology (Mucosal Immunol) Vol. 11 Issue 4 Pg. 1230-1238 (07 2018) ISSN: 1935-3456 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 29855550 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Antiviral Agents
• CD4 Antigens
• HIV Envelope Protein gp120
• Tea
• gp120 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1
• Catechin
• epigallocatechin gallate

Topics

• Animals
• Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)
• CD4 Antigens (metabolism)
• Catechin (analogs & derivatives, therapeutic use)
• Cell Movement
• Disease Transmission, Infectious
• HIV Envelope Protein gp120 (metabolism)
• HIV Infections (drug therapy)
• HIV-1 (physiology)
• Humans
• Macaca
• Macrophages (drug effects, immunology, virology)
• Protein Binding (drug effects)
• Risk
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
• Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (drug therapy)
• Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (physiology)
• Tea