In addition to their
hemostatic function, platelets play an important role in regulating the inflammatory response. The platelet NLRP3
inflammasome not only promotes interleukin-1β secretion, but was also found to be upregulated during platelet activation and
thrombus formation in vitro However, the role of NLRP3 in platelet function and
thrombus formation in vivo remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of NLRP3 in platelet
integrin αIIbβ3 signaling transduction. Using NLRP3-/- mice, we showed that NLRP3-deficient platelets do not have significant differences in expression of the platelet-specific adhesive receptors αIIbβ3
integrin, GPIba or GPVI; however, NLRP3-/- platelets transfused into wild-type mice resulted in prolonged tail-bleeding time and delayed arterial
thrombus formation, as well as exhibiting impaired spreading on immobilized
fibrinogen and defective clot retraction, concomitant with decreased phosphorylation of c-Src, Syk and PLCγ2 in response to
thrombin stimulation. Interestingly, addition of exogenous recombinant interleukin-1β reversed the defect in NLRP3-/- platelet spreading and clot retraction, and restored
thrombin-induced phosphorylation of c-Src/Syk/PLCγ2, whereas an anti-interleukin-1β antibody blocked spreading and clot retraction mediated by wild-type platelets. Using the direct NLRP3 inhibitor, CY-09, we demonstrated significantly reduced human platelet aggregation in response to threshold concentrations of
collagen and
ADP, as well as impaired clot retraction in CY-09-treated human platelets, supporting a role for NLRP3 also in regulating human platelet αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling. This study identifies a novel role for NLRP3 and interleukin-1β in platelet function, and provides a new potential link between
thrombosis and
inflammation, suggesting that
therapies targeting NLRP3 or interleukin-1β might be beneficial for treating
inflammation-associated
thrombosis.