Bacterial
cellulose modified with
chitosan (MBC) is an innovative
biomaterial used in regenerative medicine which may potentially improve treatment outcomes mesh for
hernia repair surgery by facilitating better absorption in native tissue with less risk of mesh-related
infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of mesh based on MBC, and determine whether immunological reactions occur due to
hypersensitivity to the implants. Forty five
Imp:WIST rats were randomly assigned to be implanted with one of three mesh types: simple
polypropylene mesh (n = 15), mesh modified by bacterial
cellulose only (n = 15) and MBC mesh (n = 15) and evaluated after one and three months following intramuscular implantation. For MBC mesh, basic toxicological studies, i.e. Acute Dermal Irritation, Intradermal Reactivity and Acute Sensitization (GPMT), were also carried out on 9
Imp:BN albino rabbits and 15
Imp:D-H guinea pigs. The lowest immune response and the highest degree of fibroplasia were observed for MBC mesh both after one and three months after implantation. Toxicological studies classified the tested MBC mesh as a barely perceptible
irritant with no signs of sensitization or
allergic reactions observed during the studies. The findings indicate that MBC mesh does not irritate, does not sensitize and does not cause
hypersensitivity in the implant site, and therefore presents a low risk of provoking such reactions in humans.