Semaglutide induces weight loss in subjects with type 2 diabetes regardless of baseline BMI or gastrointestinal adverse events in the SUSTAIN 1 to 5 trials.

Abstract

AIMS:

To assess the effect of baseline body mass index (BMI) and the occurrence of nausea and/or vomiting on weight loss induced by semalgutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Semaglutide demonstrated superior reductions in HbA1c and superior weight loss (by 2.3-6.3 kg) versus different comparators across the SUSTAIN 1 to 5 trials; the contributing factors to weight loss are not established.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Subjects with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (drug-naïve or on background treatment) were randomized to subcutaneous semaglutide 0.5 mg (excluding SUSTAIN 3), 1.0 mg (all trials), or comparator (placebo, sitagliptin, exenatide extended release or insulin glargine). Subjects were subdivided by baseline BMI and reporting (yes/no) of any nausea and/or vomiting. Change from baseline in body weight was assessed within each trial and subgroup. A mediation analysis separated weight loss into direct or indirect (mediated by nausea or vomiting) effects.

RESULTS:

Clinically relevant weight-loss differences were observed across all BMI subgroups, with a trend towards higher absolute weight loss with higher baseline BMI. Overall, 15.2% to 24.0% and 21.5% to 27.2% of subjects experienced nausea or vomiting with semaglutide 0.5 and 1.0 mg, respectively, versus 6.0% to 14.1% with comparators. Only 0.07 to 0.5 kg of the treatment difference between semaglutide and comparators was mediated by nausea or vomiting (indirect effects).

CONCLUSIONS:

In SUSTAIN 1 to 5, semaglutide-induced weight loss was consistently greater versus comparators, regardless of baseline BMI. The contribution of nausea or vomiting to this weight loss was minor.

• Authors: Bo Ahrén, Stephen L Atkin, Guillaume Charpentier, Mark L Warren, John P H Wilding, Sune Birch, Anders Gaarsdal Holst, Lawrence A Leiter
• Journal: Diabetes, obesity & metabolism (Diabetes Obes Metab) Vol. 20 Issue 9 Pg. 2210-2219 (09 2018) ISSN: 1463-1326 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 29766634 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2018 The Authors. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Chemical References

• Hypoglycemic Agents
• Insulin Glargine
• semaglutide
• Glucagon-Like Peptides
• Exenatide
• Sitagliptin Phosphate

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Body Mass Index
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood, drug therapy)
• Exenatide (therapeutic use)
• Female
• Glucagon-Like Peptides (therapeutic use)
• Humans
• Hypoglycemic Agents (therapeutic use)
• Insulin Glargine (therapeutic use)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Nausea (chemically induced)
• Sitagliptin Phosphate (therapeutic use)
• Treatment Outcome
• Vomiting (chemically induced)
• Weight Loss (drug effects)