Clinical trials of
cell therapy in
stroke favor autologous
cell transplantation. To date, feasibility studies have used bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, but harvesting bone marrow cells is invasive thus complicating bedside treatment. We investigated the therapeutic potential of peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PB-MNC) harvested from diabetic patients and stimulated by
ephrin-B2 (PB-MNC+) (500,000 cells), injected intravenously 18-24 hours after induced
cerebral ischemia in mice.
Infarct volume, neurological deficit, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and
inflammation were investigated as were the potential mechanisms of PB-MNC+ cells in poststroke neurorepair. At D3,
infarct volume was reduced by 60% and 49% compared to unstimulated PB-MNC and PBS-treated mice, respectively. Compared to PBS, injection of PB-MNC+ increased cell proliferation in the peri-
infarct area and the subventricular zone, decreased microglia/macrophage cell density, and upregulated TGF-β expression. At D14, microvessel density was decreased and functional recovery was enhanced compared to PBS-treated mice, whereas plasma levels of
BDNF, a major regulator of neuroplasticity, were increased in mice treated with PB-MNC+ compared to the other two groups. Cell transcriptional analysis showed that
ephrin-B2 induced phenotype switching of PB-MNC by upregulating genes controlling cell proliferation,
inflammation, and angiogenesis, as confirmed by adhesion and
Matrigel assays. Conclusions. This feasibility study suggests that PB-MNC+
transplantation poststroke could be a promising approach but warrants further investigation. If confirmed, this rapid, noninvasive bedside
cell therapy strategy could be applied to
stroke patients at the acute phase.