Treatment options may be limited for infants with
obstructive sleep apnea when there is no surgically correctable upper airway lesion. We therefore evaluated, retrospectively, the efficacy of low-flow
oxygen as a therapeutic option for infant
obstructive sleep apnea. We reviewed the medical charts of 23 infants who had undergone a therapeutic trial of low-flow
oxygen during polysomnography. Split-night polysomnography was used in 21/23 subjects while 2/23 had undergone two separate, full-night polysomnography sleep architecture and respiratory findings on the baseline polysomnogram segment that was obtained in room air were compared with the segment on low-flow
oxygen (0.25-1 L/min). Wilcoxon signed rank or McNemar's test were used as indicated for comparing
apnea hypopnea index and measures of sleep architecture at baseline and with
oxygen therapy. The mean (±SD) age of subjects was 4.8 (±2.7) months, with 52% being males. The median
apnea hypopnea index fell from a baseline of 18 (range 7-43) to 3 (range 1-19; p = 0.001) on
oxygen. The baseline median obstructive/mixed
apnea index decreased from 2 (range 1-16) to 1 during
oxygen therapy (range 0-1; p = 0.003). Additionally, a significant decrease in
central apnea index (median interquartile range (IQR) 1 (0-2) vs. 0 (0-1), p = 0.002) was noted. Sleep efficiency remained unaffected, while O₂ saturation (SaO₂) average and SaO₂ nadir improved on
oxygen. We were able to confirm the utility of low-flow
oxygen in reducing central, obstructive, and mixed
apneas and improving average oxygen saturation in infants with
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).