Effects of the Ketogenic diet in overweight divers breathing Enriched Air Nitrox.

Abstract

Central Nervous System Oxygen Toxicity (CNS-OT) is one of the most harmful effects of Enriched Air Nitrox (EAN) diving. Protective factors of the Ketogenic Diet (KD) are antioxidant activity, the prevention of mitochondrial damage and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. We aimed to investigate if a short-term KD may reduce oxidative stress and inflammation during an hyperoxic dive. Samples from six overweight divers (mean ± SD, age: 55.2 ± 4.96 years; BMI: 26.7 ± 0.86 kg/m2) were obtained a) before and after a dive breathing Enriched Air Nitrox and performing 20-minute mild underwater exercise, b) after a dive (same conditions) performed after 7 days of KD. We measured urinary 8-isoprostane and 8-OH-2-deoxyguanosine and plasmatic IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. The KD was successful in causing weight loss (3.20 ± 1.31 Kgs, p < 0.01) and in limiting lipid peroxidation (3.63 ± 1.16 vs. 1.11 ± 0.22; p < 0.01) and inflammatory response (IL-1β = 105.7 ± 25.52 vs. 57.03 ± 16.32, p < 0.05; IL-6 = 28.91 ± 4.351 vs. 14.08 ± 1.74, p < 0.001; TNF-α = 78.01 ± 7.69 vs. 64.68 ± 14.56, p < 0.05). A short-term KD seems to be effective in weight loss, in decreasing inflammation and protective towards lipid peroxidation during hyperoxic diving.

• Authors: Gerardo Bosco, Alex Rizzato, Silvia Quartesan, Enrico Camporesi, Devanand Mangar, Matteo Paganini, Lorenzo Cenci, Sandro Malacrida, Simona Mrakic-Sposta, Sara Moretti, Antonio Paoli
• Journal: Scientific reports (Sci Rep) Vol. 8 Issue 1 Pg. 2655 (02 08 2018) ISSN: 2045-2322 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 29422679 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Interleukin-1beta
• Interleukin-6
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
• 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha
• nitrox
• Dinoprost
• Deoxyguanosine
• Nitrogen
• Oxygen

Topics

• Adult
• Air
• Decompression
• Decompression Sickness (diet therapy, drug therapy, urine)
• Deoxyguanosine (urine)
• Diet, Ketogenic (methods)
• Dinoprost (analogs & derivatives, urine)
• Diving (physiology)
• Exercise
• Humans
• Hyperoxia
• Interleukin-1beta (blood)
• Interleukin-6 (analysis, blood)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Nitrogen (administration & dosage, metabolism)
• Overweight (metabolism)
• Oxidative Stress (drug effects)
• Oxygen (administration & dosage)
• Pilot Projects
• Prospective Studies
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (blood)