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Attenuation of obesity and insulin resistance by fish oil supplementation is associated with improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been reported to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in animal models of insulin resistance, but the involved mechanisms still remain unresolved. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fish oil (FO), a source of n-3 PUFAs, on obesity, insulin resistance and muscle mitochondrial function in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). C57Bl/6 male mice, 8 weeks old, were divided into four groups: control diet (C), high-fat diet (H), C+FO (CFO) and H+FO (HFO). FO was administered by oral gavage (2 g/kg b.w.), three times a week, starting 4 weeks before diet administration until the end of the experimental protocol. HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance associated with impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, as indicated by decreased oxygen consumption, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate (TCAi) contents (citrate, α-ketoglutarate, malate and oxaloacetate), oxidative phosphorylation protein content and mitochondrial biogenesis. These effects were associated with elevated reactive oxygen species production, decreased PGC1-a transcription and reduced Akt phosphorylation. The changes induced by the HFD were partially attenuated by FO, which decreased obesity and insulin resistance and increased mitochondrial function. In the H group, FO supplementation also improved oxygen consumption; increased TCAi content, and Akt and AMPK phosphorylation; and up-regulated mRNA expression of Gpat1, Pepck, catalase and mitochondrial proteins (Pgc1α, Pparα, Cpt1 and Ucp3). These results suggest that dietary FO attenuates the deleterious effects of the HFD (obesity and insulin resistance) by improving skeletal muscle mitochondrial function.
AuthorsAmanda R Martins, Amanda R Crisma, Laureane N Masi, Catia L Amaral, Gabriel N Marzuca-Nassr, Lucas H M Bomfim, Bruno G Teodoro, André L Queiroz, Tamires D A Serdan, Rosangela P Torres, Jorge Mancini-Filho, Alice C Rodrigues, Tatiana C Alba-Loureiro, Tania C Pithon-Curi, Renata Gorjao, Leonardo R Silveira, Rui Curi, Philip Newsholme, Sandro M Hirabara
JournalThe Journal of nutritional biochemistry (J Nutr Biochem) Vol. 55 Pg. 76-88 (05 2018) ISSN: 1873-4847 [Electronic] United States
PMID29413492 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
CopyrightCopyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chemical References
  • Anti-Obesity Agents
  • Fatty Acids
  • Fatty Acids, Omega-3
  • Fish Oils
  • Proteins
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • Catalase
Topics
  • Adiposity (drug effects)
  • Animals
  • Anti-Obesity Agents (pharmacology)
  • Catalase (metabolism)
  • Diet, High-Fat (adverse effects)
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Fatty Acids (analysis, metabolism)
  • Fatty Acids, Omega-3 (pharmacology)
  • Fish Oils (pharmacology)
  • Hydrogen Peroxide (metabolism)
  • Insulin Resistance
  • Male
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mitochondria, Muscle (drug effects, physiology)
  • Muscle, Skeletal (drug effects, physiology)
  • Obesity (diet therapy, etiology)
  • Proteins (genetics, metabolism)

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