Effects of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Panaxatriol Derived from Ginseng on Insulin Resistance and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.

Abstract

Insulin resistance reduces insulin-induced muscle protein synthesis and accelerates muscle protein degradation. Ginseng ingestion has been reported to improve insulin resistance through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. We hypothesized that panaxatriol (PT) derived from ginseng in combination with aerobic exercise (EX) may further promote protein synthesis and suppress protein degradation, and subsequently maintain muscle mass through the amelioration of insulin resistance. KKAy insulin-resistant mice were divided into control, panaxatriol only (PT), exercise only (EX), and EX+PT groups. EX and EX+PT ran on the treadmill for 45 min at 15 m/min 5 d/wk for 6 wk. PT and EX+PT groups were fed a standard diet containing 0.2% PT for 6 wk. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R) values was significantly improved after exercise for 6 wk. Moreover, EX+PT mice showed improved HOMA-R as compared to EX mice. p70S6K phosphorylation after a 4 h fast was significantly higher in EX than in the non-exercise control, and it was higher in EX+PT mice than in EX mice. Atrogin1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in EX than in the non-exercise control, and was significantly lowered further by PT treatment. EX and EX+PT mice showed higher soleus muscle mass and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the soleus myofibers than control animals, with higher values noted for both parameters in EX+PT than in EX. These results suggest that aerobic exercise and PT ingestion may contribute to maintain skeletal muscle mass through the amelioration of insulin resistance.

• Authors: Yusuke Takamura, Mitsuru Nomura, Akira Uchiyama, Satoshi Fujita
• Journal: Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology (J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)) Vol. 63 Issue 5 Pg. 339-348 ( 2017) ISSN: 1881-7742 [Electronic] Japan
• PMID: 29225319 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Ginsenosides
• Hypoglycemic Agents
• Muscle Proteins
• RNA, Messenger
• Inulin
• panaxatriol
• Fbxo32 protein, mouse
• SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases

Topics

• Animals
• Biomarkers (blood, metabolism)
• Combined Modality Therapy
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (complications, diet therapy, metabolism, therapy)
• Dietary Supplements
• Gene Expression Regulation
• Ginsenosides (therapeutic use)
• Hypoglycemic Agents (therapeutic use)
• Insulin Resistance
• Inulin (blood)
• Male
• Mice, Mutant Strains
• Muscle Proteins (antagonists & inhibitors, genetics, metabolism)
• Muscle, Skeletal (metabolism, pathology)
• Muscular Atrophy (complications, metabolism, pathology, prevention & control)
• Panax (chemistry)
• Phosphorylation
• Physical Conditioning, Animal
• Plant Roots (chemistry)
• Protein Processing, Post-Translational
• Proteolysis
• RNA, Messenger (metabolism)
• SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases (antagonists & inhibitors, genetics, metabolism)