Vaccination is the most effective intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality from
vaccine-preventable diseases in young children (1). Data from the 2016 National Immunization Survey-Child (NIS-Child) were used to assess coverage with recommended
vaccines (2) among children aged 19-35 months in the United States. Coverage remained ≥90% for ≥3 doses of
poliovirus vaccine (91.9%), ≥1 dose of
measles,
mumps, and
rubella vaccine (MMR) (91.1%), ≥1 dose of
varicella vaccine (90.6%), and ≥3 doses of
hepatitis B vaccine (
HepB) (90.5%). Coverage in 2016 was approximately 1-2 percentage points lower than in 2015 for ≥3 doses of
diphtheria and
tetanus toxoids and acellular
pertussis vaccine (DTaP), ≥3 doses of
poliovirus vaccine, the primary Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) series, ≥3
HepB doses, and ≥3 and ≥4 doses of pneumococcal
conjugate vaccine (PCV), with no changes for other
vaccines. More direct evaluation of trends by month and year of birth (3) found no change in coverage by age 2 years among children included in combined data from the 2015 and 2016 NIS-Child (born January 2012 through January 2015). The observed decreases in annual estimates might result from random differences in vaccination coverage by age 19 months between children sampled in 2016 and those sampled in 2015, among those birth cohorts eligible to be sampled in both survey years. For most
vaccines, 2016 coverage was lower among non-Hispanic black* (black) children than among non-Hispanic white (white) children, and for children living below the federal poverty level† compared with those living at or above the poverty level. Vaccination coverage was generally lower among children insured by Medicaid (2.5-12.0 percentage points), and was much lower among uninsured children (12.4-24.9 percentage points), than among children with private insurance. The
Vaccines for Children§ (VFC) program was designed to increase access to
vaccines among children who might not otherwise be vaccinated because of inability to pay. Greater awareness and facilitating use of VFC might be helpful in reducing these disparities. Efforts should also be focused on minimizing breaks in continuity of health insurance and eliminating missed opportunities to vaccinate children during visits to health care providers. Despite the observed disparities and small changes in coverage from 2015, vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 months remained high and stable in 2016.