Early Assessment of the Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy Can Reduce the Risk of Peripheral Arterial and Cardiovascular Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes.

Abstract

BACKGROUNDS:

There is still a lack of consensus about how to assess the risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).

AIMS:

We investigated the risk factors for DR and their association with PAD and CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

METHODS:

A total of 1,421 patients diagnosed with T2D participated in this study. DR stages were classified as non-DR, nonproliferative DR (NPDR), or proliferative DR (PDR). Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze risk factors associated with DR.

RESULTS:

NPDR and PDR patients had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than the non-DR group (p < 0.05). The prevalence of abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) in the non-DR, NPDR, and PDR groups was 7.00, 10.80, and 13.96%, respectively (p < 0.05) and the prevalence of peripheral arterial plaques was 68.48, 81.38, and 80.56%, respectively (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that DR (vs. non-DR) was associated with peripheral arterial plaques (OR = 2.07), SBP ≥130 mm Hg (OR = 1.53) and levels of hemoglobin (Hb)A1c (OR = 2.11) and TC (OR = 1.42).

CONCLUSION:

PAD is commonly associated with NPDR and PDR. Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor for the development of PAD and CVD in patients with DR. Our results suggest that a routine ABI test, duplex ultrasonography, and obtaining a lipid profile for DR patients may help to reduce the occurrence of PAD and CVD.

• Authors: Juan Tang, Tao Li, Pinhong Li, Yuefei Ma, Momo Liu, Qiaoyun Shan, Fengqi Guo, Ting Zhou, Qianping Wei
• Journal: Ophthalmic research (Ophthalmic Res) Vol. 59 Issue 4 Pg. 221-227 ( 2018) ISSN: 1423-0259 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 28930746 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Chemical References

• Cholesterol

Topics

• Aged
• Ankle Brachial Index
• Blood Pressure (physiology)
• Cardiovascular Diseases (physiopathology, prevention & control)
• Cholesterol (blood)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (complications)
• Diabetic Retinopathy (blood, diagnosis, physiopathology)
• Female
• Humans
• Logistic Models
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Peripheral Arterial Disease (physiopathology, prevention & control)
• Risk Factors